SpaceX launches 105 small satellites into orbit, nails rocket landing
- by Space.com
- Jan 13, 2022
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Related: Russia says SpaceX Starlink satellite and space junk may narrowly miss Progress cargo ship in orbit
The 105 different satellites on-board the Transporter 3 mission come in a range of sizes from smaller than a soda can to shoebox-sized to the size of a washing machine.
The biggest of the group is the Ukrainian Sich 2-1 satellite, a 375-pound (170-kilogram) Earth-imaging satellite for the Ukrainian government. Built by a company called Yuzhnoye, the satellite has been delayed for years thanks to the country's political turmoil. It is designed to take pictures of Earth in order to help track environmental changes, urban sprawl and to help with crop management.
Also on board are a pair of satellites for both ICEYE of Finland and Capella Space of the U.S. These are just two companies of many who are trying to build a mini-constellation in low-Earth orbit. Their fleets of small satellites have similar functions: to monitor and map Earth's landmasses, oceans, and ice sheets through radar imaging.
This technique does not provide as much color or detail as optical remote sensing, but has an extra perk — radar can see through clouds and in the dark, which optical instruments cannot.
ICEYE's pair of satellites will join 13 others already in orbit, with each satellite weighing at around 187 pounds (85 kilograms). Capella's duo is roughly 220 pounds (100 kilograms) apiece and will join five others in space.
They were not the only radar-equipped satellites aboard the Transporter-3 mission. Umbra launched the second satellite of its burgeoning constellation that will be able to provide the highest-resolution commercial radar images from space. With a resolution of 6 inches (15 centimeters), Umbra's 143-pound (65-kilogram) spacecraft beats ICEYE's 3-feet resolution imagers.
On board of the mission were also 44 SuperDove satellites of Earth-imaging company, Planet, which strengthened the company's 240-strong fleet of optical Earth-observing satellites.
Other payloads of note were eight 'Tevel' CubeSats built by students in Israel to provide amateur radio communications in low-Earth orbit.
Spire Global launched five small satellites to join its current constellation, which will collect and monitor weather and ship-tracking data. Kepler Communications, a Canadian data relay company, had a quartet of cubesats on board that will join 15 others already in orbit.
South Africa launched a trio of satellites, called MDASats, which are part of a government effort to track and monitor maritime traffic.
It took approximately an hour-and-a-half for all the passengers to deploy from the upper stage. (Subsequent satellite deployments from the onboard free-flying transfer stages happened after that.)
Polar trajectory flight
The Transporter-3 mission flew along an unusual path that took it south, along the east coast of Florida and over the Atlantic Ocean so it could deposit its payload into the polar orbit. Typically, when rockets launch from Florida, they launch on an easterly path over the ocean.
We see these types of flights typically launch from the West Coast as they can more easily avoid populated areas. However, last summer, SpaceX was granted permission to launch flights bound for a polar orbit from Florida — a first since the 1960s.
The Transporter-3 mission was the fourth to follow this trajectory. (The first was the SAOCOM-1B mission, which launched an Earth-observing satellite for Argentina.)
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